es fishes 不同種類的魚複數；也可是第三人稱單數，動詞字尾所加的 es [Card #9; 字卡第9張: 第6個單字, 字母組合發音 es]
• es: used for third person sigular verbs (she fishes, he mixes, it buzzes)（第三人稱單數，動詞字尾所加的 es）
• The plural of fish is usually fish, but fishes has a few uses. In biology, for instance, fishes is used to refer to multiple species of fish.（fish 單複數同型； fishes 是指不同種類的魚。）
| ending | nouns (plural) | verbs (3rd person) |
|---|---|---|
| -sh /ʃ/ |
ashes, dashes, flashes, radishes, splashes, washes, dishes, fishes, wishes, bushes, pushes, brushes | cashes, mashes, smashes, trashes, fishes, finishes, rushes, pushes |
| -ch /tʃ/ |
ranches, arches, benches, beaches, peaches, inches, riches, bunches, touches | teaches, reaches |
| -tch /tʃ/ |
batches, patches, latches, matches, watches, sketches, itches, switches, stitches | catches, matches, watches, fetches |
| -ss | classes, glasses, masses, passes, presses, kisses, dresses, crosses | passes, kisses, misses |
| -s | gases, lenses, biases, buses | |
| -x | axes, taxes, boxes, fixes, mixes, foxes | fixes, mixes |
| -o | heroes, tomatoes, potatoes | goes |
| -z | quizzes | buzzes, freezes |
y > -ies
Words ending in -y preceded by a consonant: change the y to i, and add "es".
• Nouns: families, babies, ladies, parties, enemies, berries, cherries, lilies, cities, histories, dictionaries, victories, theories, spies, flies, replies, varieties, stories, countries, buddies, puppies, duties, beauties
• Verbs: carries, cries, tries, relies, denies, studies, hurries
Words ending in -f: replace -f with -v, then add "es".
shelf (shelves), leaf (leaves), loaf (loaves), wolf (wolves), yourself (yourselves)
Words ending in -fe: replace -fe with -v, then add "es".
knife (knives), wife (wives), life (lives)