er brother 兄弟 [Card #19; 字卡第19張: 第2個單字, 字母組合發音 er]
R-controlled vowel；當母音後面跟著r，r會影響母音的發音（r會和母音成為一個音節，發不是長母音也不是短母音的特別音）。
• /ɝ/ stressed 重音: err, per, her, hermit, herb, verb, verbalize, adverb, proverb, superb, herd, clerk, jerk, perk, berserk, berth, perch, person, nerd, nerve, unnerve, serve, conserve, swerve, reserve, deserve, preserve, observe, verse, inverse, reverse, averse, adverse, perverse, disperse, universe, verge, converge, diverge, merge, emerge, submerge, serge, germ, term, midterm, fern, tern, stern, intern, internal, external, eternal, maternal, paternal, concern, convert, converse, conservative, controversy, certain, certify, merchant, merchandise, mermaid, merger, mercury, mercy, emergency, jersey, pert, alert, assert, insert (verb), infer, refer, prefer, confer, transfer (verb), defer, deter, determine, detergent, deterrent, desert (verb), dessert, discern, immerse, nervous, fervent, servant, service, sermon, serpent, perfect (adjective), permeate, verge, verse, verve, verdant, verdict, versatile, version, aversion, gerbil, kernel, eternal, terminal, terminate, termite, terse, tertiary, alternative, preservative, divert, diverse, diversity, avert, overt, invert, revert, convert (verb), subvert, exert, excerpt, coerce, expert, were, vice versa, fervor, fertilize, fertile, permanent, pertinent, pervious, perforate, perpetrate, persecute, perfume (noun), sterling, inert, inertia, interpret, impersonate, allergic, aversion, anniversary, germinate, thermostat, commercial
• /ɚ/ unstressed 弱音: gather, rather, wither, father, mother, smother, other, bother, brother, together, feather, leather, weather, whether, either, neither, another, waver, ever, never, beaver, lever, river, liver, deliver, quiver, silver, hover, cover, recover, over, under, thunder, blunder, wonder, wander, rudder, shudder, ladder, bladder, lavender, slander, meander, squander, gender, engender, render, tender, slender, spider, cider, cipher, hinder, bewilder, cylinder, consider, colander, ponder, plunder, order, border, smolder, shoulder, powder, power, banner, partner, corner, dinner, differ, offer, buffer, suffer, cater, banter, after, character, canister, chapter, master, matter, tatter, shatter, clatter, flatter, scatter, splatter, plaster, disaster, alter, falter, saunter, daughter, barter, charter, carpenter, water, fetter, letter, enter, center, shelter, pester, register, semester, polyester, liter, litter, jitter, glitter, bitter, bicker, blister, sister, sinister, minister, administer, monster, filter, winter, theater, teeter, meter, decimeter, centimeter, millimeter, potter, roster, foster, bolster, oyster, loiter, outer, counter, encounter, utter, butter, gutter, mutter, flutter, sputter, stutter, muster, luster, cluster, clutter, dumpster, pewter, skewer, layer, laser, clever, taper, paper, pamper, hamper, tamper, temper, pepper, whisper, hyper, diaper, proper, property, prosper, upper, supper, anger, stagger, eager, finger, linger, trigger, meager, tiger, burger, hamburger, danger, wager, ledger, ginger, integer, roger, flicker, caliber, amber, chamber, clamber, ember, member, remember, limber, timber, cyber, fiber, microfiber, sober, somber, clobber, slumber, lumber, number, rubber, cumber, cucumber, encumber, September, October, November, December, polymer, hammer, stammer, simmer, summer, customer, manner, garner, holler, pucker, wicker, snicker, tinker, poker, panther, answer, ulcer, usher, perhaps, persist, persuade, pertain, percent, perspective, permit (verb), certificate, energy, hibernate, pattern, modern, conquer, concert, covert, intern, western, advertise, adversary, exercise, yesterday, desert (noun)
suffix -er ([comparative], more) 字尾加 er /弱音 ɚ/ 變成比較級
faster, narrower, straighter, fairer, taller, smaller, smarter, darker, harder, warmer, fresher, greater, deeper, weaker, meaner, dearer, nearer, cleaner, clearer, richer, quicker, thicker, sicker, thinner, kinder, higher, lighter, brighter, hotter, stronger, older, colder, lower, slower, broader, softer, longer, shorter, louder, rounder, poorer, sooner, smoother, cooler, fuller, fewer, newer, safer, larger, nicer, wider, wiser, fatter, madder, sadder, bigger, skinner, better, fancier, happier, heavier, healthier, easier, trickier, prettier, busier, funnier, luckier, earlier
◊ 通常直接在字尾加 er（例如 fast → faster）
◊ 形容詞字尾是e：只要加 r（例如 large → larger）
◊ 一音節形容詞，單一母音字母+一個子音字尾：重複子音字尾，再加 er（例如 big → bigger）
◊ 形容詞字尾為y：把y改為i，再加 er（例如 happy → happier）
比較級 & 最高級
suffix -er /弱音 ɚ/ (person or thing connected with, a person who does an action)
manager, manufacturer, adapter, caster, ranter, banker, dancer, camper, sampler, advertiser, catcher, carrier, magnifier, classifier, staffer, trapper, napper, batter, bather, backer, packer, hacker, cracker, tracker, slacker, attacker, packager, wrapper, canner, sanitizer, analyzer, ratifier, dasher, rambler, drafter, traveler, passenger, channeler, gatherer, valuer, haggler, wrangler, challenger, answerer, canvasser, commander, harasser, decanter, hanger, spammer, scammer, scanner, spanner, planner, glancer, examiner, dispatcher, detangler, masher, flasher, flatterer, handler, dangler, tamperer, scrambler, jammer, amplifier, expander, enhancer, relaxer, fastener, dampener, tranquilizer, balancer, sanctioner, scavenger, landscaper, rancher, exchanger, changer, stranger, stapler, stabilizer, skater, dater, hater, rater, tracer, chaser, blamer, gamer, grader, trader, wader, invader, evader, engager, crusader, persuader, awakener, saver, paver, pacer, racer, taster, waster, framer, caterer, baker, maker, taker, faker, defamer, debater, updater, enabler, grater, scraper, shaker, shaver, sharer, preparer, trailer, raider, jailer (jailor), waiter, waiver, painter, gainer, retainer, container, entertainer, trainer, strainer, straightener, remainder, remailer, mailer, emailer, appraiser, explainer, disclaimer, campaigner, complainer, attainer, sustainer, maintainer, mainstreamer, sayer, payer, player, prayer, sprayer, stayer, betrayer, arranger, vacationer, laborer, carer, declarer, airliner, caller, talker, walker, installer, falsifier, launcher, hauler, lawyer, hawker, crawler, warmer, carver, carter, marker, farmer, gardener, harvester, archiver, sharpener, charger, charmer, starter, sparkler, marketer, arguer, arbiter, archer, parser, bargainer, retarder, wanderer, qualifier, quantifier, swapper, swatter, squatter, watcher, washer, dishwasher, degausser, blender, shredder, dresser, presser, welder, sender, spender, lender, seller, reseller, sheller, teller, dweller, renter, pensioner, lecturer, networker, messenger, meddler, peddler (pedlar), settler, heckler, leveler, helper, servicer, scheduler, stretcher, strengthener, energizer, verifier, testifier, identifier, experimenter, tester, texter, questioner, requester, rescuer, protester, offender, defender, pretender, dissenter, presenter, developer, adventurer, assembler, dispenser, refresher, remelter, connecter, extender, contender, condenser, tensioner, quencher, texturizer, desensitizer, intensifier, subletter, leavener, breaker, bearer, wearer, treasurer, cleanser /ɛ/, cleaner /i/, dealer, leader, reader, teacher, dreamer, reamer, steamer, streamer, speaker, preacher, pleaser, breather, eater, heater, healer, leaker, sealer, stealer, squealer, weaver, cleaver, teaser, cheater, repeater, releaser, degreaser, eavesdropper, greeter, teenager, freelancer, weeder, sweeper, speeder, sleeper, screener, sweetener, peeler, breeder, freezer, feeler, feeder, seeker, keeper, bookkeeper, redeemer, retailer, equalizer, sequencer, schemer, deceiver, perceiver, reliever, retriever, achiever, earner, server, certifier, fertilizer, perjurer, observer, deferrer, referrer, converter, inverter, diverter, asserter, interpreter, researcher, searcher, learner, merger, preserver, determiner, singer, bidder, biller, killer, kidder, digger, dimmer, filler, shipper, skimmer, swimmer, trimmer, zipper, spinner, sniffer, splitter, spiralizer, thinner, sinner, pinner, winner, beginner, quitter, thriller, phisher, pitcher, lifter, drifter, shifter, sifter, filterer, crimper, listener, whistler, signifier, infringer, petitioner, practitioner, commissioner, prisoner, drinker, thinker, tinkerer, kicker, picker, sticker, stickler, stitcher, fixer, mixer, thickener, liquefier, indexer, printer, imager, builder, villager, interviewer, influencer, implementer, incomer, injurer, improviser, issuer, wisher, tipper, slipper, bringer, whistleblower, convincer, believer, forgiver, deliverer, overachiever, receiver, seizer, cashier, emitter, transmitter, conditioner, air conditioner, delimiter, extinguisher, sprinkler, swindler, stiffener, acidifier, calligrapher, financier, giver, sympathizer, decrypter, experiencer, hearer, timer, whiner, diner, ricer, slicer, liner, miner, refiner, recliner, reviver, biker, hiker, driver, rider, hider, filer, writer, typewriter, underwriter, wiper, glider, licenser, insider, outsider, decider, divider, adviser (advisor), admirer, inspirer, inquirer, compiler, complier, provider, transcriber, subscriber, igniter, tightener, fighter, signer, cosigner, designer, reminder, minder, climber, blinder, binder, finder, grinder, ionizer, islander, silencer, hijacker, dieter, denier, supplier, flier, fryer, dryer, rhymer, recycler, buyer, boxer, locker, copier, dodger, lodger, bottler, hopper, jogger, logger, vlogger , blogger, blocker, mocker, shocker, rocker, robber, plotter, flosser, toddler, cobbler, commoner, goner, borrower, follower, commenter, modernizer, compromiser, chopper, shopper, stopper, spotter, onlooker, occupier, modifier, modeler, shoveler, polisher, volumizer, remodeler, popularizer, podcaster, chronicler, biographer, photographer, typographer, cryptographer, geographer, philosopher, astrologer, astronomer, discoverer, adopter, idolater, resolver, responder, transponder, confronter, helicopter, thermometer, detoxifier, softener, spoiler, boiler, pointer, moisturizer, voider, avoider, joiner, destroyer, exploiter, employer, boater, loader, loafers, loaner, poacher, roaster, toaster, broadcaster, uploader, wholesaler, broker, closer, joker, smoker, loner, toner, coder, encoder, decoder, deodorizer, disposer, poser, composer, controller, roller, enroller, programmer, photocopier, poster, opener, notifier, focuser, goer, grocer, grower, blower, promoter, pollster, soldier, folder, holder, beholder, golfer, jolter, officer, comptroller, romancer, forecaster, foreigner, forger, sorter, restorer, recorder, reformer, performer, explorer, transporter, porter, reporter, importer, exporter, supporter, endorser, enforcer, distorter, informer, transformer, organizer, absorber, boarder, hoarder, rebroadcaster, mourner, pourer, embosser, mower, owner, booker, cooker, woofer, wooer, snooper, scooper, booster, roofer, proofer, groomer, roomer, preschooler, chooser, shooter, looter, loser, doer, mover, remover, browser, founder, router, doubter, counterfeiter, voucher, scourer, outsourcer, outfitter, outlier, announcer, downloader, downsizer, courier, comer, lover, comforter, composter, cruncher, plunger, tumbler, bumper, jumper, juggler, hugger, mugger, debugger, runner, cutter, buzzer, drummer, muffler, stuffer, snuffer, bluffer, trucker, sucker, grubber, scrubber, hunter, usher, publisher, funder, fundraiser, sufferer, clutterer, adjuster, interrupter, disrupter (disruptor), emulsifier, toucher, troubleshooter, ruler, consumer, pursuer, recruiter, intruder, polluter, bullshitter, bulldozer, pusher, gusher, buster, duster, shutter, user, commuter, computer, producer, introducer, inducer, reducer, diffuser, abuser, accuser, curer, purifier, dehumidifier, juicer, unifier, neutralizer, cruiser, bullshitter, jeweler (jeweller), viewer, reviewer, renewer, newscaster, brewer, insurer, burner, turner, hurter, lurker, surfer, purchaser, furnisher, nurturer, encourager, worker, worshipper, worrier, prankster, tipster, fraudster, defaulter
Sometimes the -er suffix is written as -or (it is still pronounced /ɚ/)
actor, reactor, animator, agitator, ambassador, ancestor, calculator, navigator, validator, applicator, aggregator, evaluator, collaborator, attractor, detractor, distractor, abstractor, extractor, protractor, compactor, subcontractor, franchisor, narrator, translator, janitor, collator, locator, captor, grantor, guarantor, procrastinator, capacitor, radiator, liquidator, creator, perpetrator, payor, savior, sailor, surveyor, purveyor, conveyor, author, auditor, arbitrator, editor, descriptor, sector, elevator, escalator, emulator, estimator, educator, demonstrator, separator, generator, ventilator, respirator, decorator, delegator, settlor, testator, director, selector, inventor, inheritor, investor, investigator, inspector, injector, authenticator, spectator, speculator, regulator, replicator, connector, projector, protestor, protector, collector, corrector, creditor, debtor, senator, sensor, vendor, legislator, elector, excavator, error, neighbor, predecessor, professor, suppressor, successor, assessor, possessor, executor, competitor, differentiator, interrogator, requestor, reflector, receptor, detector, defector, tormentor, oppressor, depressor, compressor, accelerator, aggressor, transgressor, realtor, releasor, mediator, administrator, illustrator, innovator, imitator, eliminator, visitor, dictator, liquor, irrigator, litigator, instigator, stimulator, simulator, incubator, integrator, insulator, indicator, vindicator, predictor, descriptor, exhibitor, contributor, distributor, inhibitor, incinerator, refrigerator, originator, initiator, solicitor, infiltrator, facilitator, manipulator, conspirator, syndicator, licensor, advisor (adviser), survivor, chiropractor, proprietor, violator, hydrator, dehydrator, governor, modulator, operator, contractor, conservator, cooperator, interlocutor, depositor, pollinator, moderator, commentator, accommodator, prosecutor, prospector, processor, doctor, conqueror, comparator, voter, donor, motivator, exfoliator, negotiator, orator, coordinator, incorporator, cultivator, sculptor, conductor, constructor, destructor, instructor, trustor, disruptor (disrupter), annunciator, obfuscator, counselor, supervisor, duplicator, rejuvenator, juror, curator, accumulator, communicator, transferor, impersonator, exterminator, terminator, circulator